髓内钉与锁定钢板固定治疗肱骨近端骨折的Meta分析

文题释义： 肱骨近端骨折：指发生在肱骨近端、外科颈及以上部位一类骨折的总称。解剖颈是真正意义上的肱骨颈，是在肱骨头下方的一个收窄环。而外科颈，是肱骨近心端骨密质和骨松质交界的地方，这个地方是肱骨骨折最易发的部位，所以叫外科颈。位于肱骨上端与体交界处稍细的部分，解剖颈下2.0-3.0 cm处。 Meta分析：中文译为“荟萃分析”，定义是对具备特定条件的、同课题的诸多研究结果进行综合的一类统计方法。广义上的Meta指的是一个科学的临床研究活动，指全面收集所有相关研究并逐个进行严格评价和分析，再用定量合成的方法对资料进行统计学处理得出综合结论的整个过程；狭义上的Meta指的是一种单纯的定量合成的统计学方法。 背景：肱骨近端骨折是成人上肢骨折常见的类型之一，随着人口老龄化，肱骨近端骨折近年来发病率持续升高，而其治疗方法目前依然存在争议。 目的：用Meta分析的研究方法，比较锁定钢板和髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。 方法：检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、中国知网、万方医学网、维普等数据库，收集使用髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的文献，制定文献纳入与排除标准，对入选文献提取数据，选择连续性变量(Constant评分、手术时间、出血量)和二分类变量(总并发症、术后感染、螺钉切出及内固定失效、肱骨头坏死、二次手术、肩峰撞击)进行分析，作为Meta分析的评价指标。使用统计软件Stata 12.0对数据进行分析。 结果与结论：①一共纳入8篇文献，一共891例患者，对9项数据进行了分析；②其中在出血量(SMD=-1.82， 95%CI：-2.77至-0.87，P < 0.001)、手术时间(SMD=-1.47，95%CI：-2.13至-0.80，P < 0.001)方面，髓内钉组优于钢板组，其余结果2组差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；③说明髓内钉在治疗肱骨近端骨折时，在手术时间、术中出血量上优于锁定钢板；在总的并发症发生率、各常见并发症发生率以及术后肩关节功能恢复上两者结果相近。 ORCID: 0000-0003-0064-0430(陈锦涛) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

侧卧位无牵引床髓内钉固定在股骨粗隆下骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨侧卧位无牵引床髓内钉固定在股骨粗隆下骨折治疗中应用的效果。方法 回顾性研究。纳入2015年11月-2018年7月五河县人民医院骨科收治的34例股骨粗隆下骨折患者的临床资料。其中男20例、女14例,年龄23~83(61.7±12.7)岁;SeinsheimerⅡA型5例、ⅡB型4例、ⅡC型7例、ⅢA型3例、ⅢB型5例、Ⅳ型6例、Ⅴ型4例;受伤至手术时间1~12(7.0±1.9)d。患者均在C臂X线机透视下,采用侧卧位无牵引床闭合复位髓内钉固定治疗。记录患者术前体位摆放时间、手术操作时间、术中失血量、术中X线透视次数、骨折复位质量、术后并发症及骨折愈合时间;术后定期随访,记录并比较术后1、6个月及末次随访时髋关节疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、髋关节功能Harris评分,末次随访根据Harris评分评价关节功能。结果 患者体位摆放时间5~11(7.7±1.6)min,手术时间为29~82(60.3±10.9)min,术中失血量为45~350(212.3±57.8)mL,术中透视次数为18~53(33.8±7.3)次。术后即刻摄片,骨折复位质量获解剖复位13例,可接受的复位21例。术后患者切口均一期愈合,未发生感染、深静脉血栓形成、内固定失败。34例患者均获随访,随访时间12~48(22.4±7.7)个月。骨折愈合时间为4~12(5.8±1.7)个月。1例Seinsheimer Ⅳ型患者术后7个月仍未骨愈合,取自体髂骨植骨处理,二次术后3个月愈合。术后1、6个月及末次随访时患者髋关节疼痛VAS评分依次为(4.76±0.96)、(1.91±0.79)和(0.97±0.63)分,Harris评分依次为(74.35±5.83)、(78.79±6.31)和(85.76±6.53)分,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。末次随访髋关节功能优11例、良20例、可2例、差1例,优良率达91.2%。结论 侧卧位无牵引床髓内钉固定治疗股骨粗隆下骨折,方法简便、微创,能够取得满意的手术效果,适合在基层医院应用推广。     

Biodegradable versus titanium osteosynthesis in maxillofacial traumatology: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Titanium osteosynthesis is currently the fixation system of choice in maxillofacial traumatology. Biodegradable osteosynthesis systems have the ability to degrade in the human body. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review, with meta- and trial sequential analyses, to assess the efficacy and morbidity of biodegradable versus titanium osteosynthesis after maxillofacial trauma. MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective and retrospective controlled studies. Five time periods were studied: perioperative, short-term (0–4 weeks), intermediate (6–12 weeks), long-term (>12 weeks), and overall follow-up. After screening 3542 records, 24 were included. All had a high risk of performance and detection bias due to the nature of the interventions. Meta-analysis showed no differences in efficacy or morbidity between biodegradable and titanium osteosynthesis. The risk of perioperative screw breakage was significantly higher (risk ratio 17.13, 95% confidence interval 2.19–34.18) and the symptomatic plate removal rate lower in the biodegradable group (risk ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.57), which was confirmed by the trial sequential analysis. The quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Based on the narrative review and meta-analyses, current evidence shows that biodegradable osteosynthesis is a viable alternative to titanium osteosynthesis when applied in the treatment of maxillofacial trauma, with similar efficacy but significantly lower symptomatic plate removal rates. Perioperative screw breakage occurred significantly more often in the biodegradable group compared to the titanium group.     

L’importance du discours intérieur dans la sémiologie psychiatrique

ObjectivesEntangled in a semiology that aspires to imitate medical semiology, psychiatry does not take seriously enough the question of internal discourse, while many psychiatric phenomena relate to the articulation between internal discourse and external discourse.The intention of this article is to draw the attention of psychiatry to the issue of internal discourse, which is insufficiently addressed within the discipline. Psychiatric semiology should be more interested in and should approach this issue of internal discourse differently. For this, it could integrate the contribution of modern linguistics and rediscover Jacques Lacan's theory of language.MethodThe article first recalls the basic principles of psychiatric semiology based on the work of Lanteri-Laura, Henri Ey, and, more recently, that of Steeves Demazeux. He shows how psychiatry has moved from a classical semiology based on the body to that of mental faculties, more or less attached to bodies. The question of internal discourse does not find its place in these approaches.DiscussionHallucinations, delusions, obsessive and melancholy ruminations… All these phenomena are related to the question of inner speech. This does not mean that they are similar or should be approached in a comparable way.ConclusionHuman beings seem to be both speaking through their outwardly directed speech and partly spoken, through their internal speech. This must be taken into account not only from a semiological point of view but also when it comes to organizing care.     

Conjunctival flap advancement with or without scleral graft for hypotony maculopathy after trabeculectomy

AIM: To introduce a novel technique for transscleral fixation of the PC-IOL that requires no sutures on the IOL haptics. METHODS: Instead of suturing polypropylene onto the IOL haptics, the method simply winds the thread on the haptics. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients underwent this technique and were followed up for more than 18 months. Surgical outcomes and post-operative complications were evaluated and compared with those of the conventional transscleral fixation method. RESULTS: Postoperative cylinder was significantly lower in the thread winding group than in the conventional transscleral fixation method group (-1.02±0.46 diopters vs -1.57±0.77 diopters; P=0.01). Further, no postoperative complications, such as optic capture, IOL dislocation, and hyphema, were detected in the thread winding group. CONCLUSION: We believe that our thread winding technique is better than previously reported methods because it is simple, mechanically stable, and free from suture-related complications.     

颅内深静脉血栓形成的临床诊治

目的　探讨颅内深静脉血栓形成（deep cerebral venous thrombosis，DCVT）的临床诊断与治疗策略。 方法　回顾性分析10年来影像学诊断为DCVT的5例患者的临床表现、影像学特征、治疗及预后情况。 结果　DCVT最常累及Rosenthal基底静脉、大脑内静脉、Galen静脉和直窦，其临床表现不典型，常见有头痛、意识障碍、复视、偏瘫等，常见诱发因素有口服避孕药、产褥期、妊娠期等。丘脑水肿为DCVT患者最常见的影像学征象。肝素抗凝治疗简单有效，大脑深静脉可恢复再通，临床症状缓解。 结论　DCVT患者临床症状缺乏特异性，早期诊断困难，特殊成像技术和特定影像学特征有助于其明确诊断，及时正确的抗凝治疗可获得良好的预后。     

High tibial derotation osteotomy for distal extensor mechanism alignment in patients with squinting patella due to increased external tibial torsion

BackgroundThe patellofemoral joint is often affected by torsional disorders of the lower limb, causing pain, instability and knee degeneration. The aims of this study were to determine functional outcomes of patients who underwent a high tibial derotation osteotomy (HTDO) for symptomatic squinting patella due to increased external tibial torsion. Moreover, factors associated with inferior clinical outcomes were investigated.MethodsPatients with symptomatic squinting patella, increased external tibial torsion (>30°) treated with this technique, and with 2 years of follow up were included. Fulkerson and Kujala patellofemoral joint scores were assessed. Age, body mass index, history of prior surgery, increased femoral anteversion, association of lateral retinaculum release and patellar cartilage lesions were analysed.ResultsSixty HTDOs were included in this retrospective study with an average of 66 months of follow up. The mean Kujala score improved from 47.5 preoperatively to 93 postoperatively. The mean Fulkerson score improved from 40.6 to 91.6. Kujala subscores for pain improved from 8.6 to 30.4, for instability improved from 6.4 to 17.9, and their ability to climb stairs increased from 6.9 to 17.9 (all P < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression model identified that patient age (P < 0.005) and advanced chondral damage (P < 0.001) were the dominant factors predicting inferior clinical outcomes using Kujala’s score.ConclusionHTDO provided good results regarding the pain symptoms, instability and the ability to climb stairs. Advanced chondral damage and advanced age had negative effects on outcomes.     

Osteoporotic ankle fractures: A narrative review of management options

The management of Osteoporotic ankle fractures is still considered to be a challenge by many surgeons. One of the issues seems to be a lack of data focused on this special subgroup, with very little evidence of good quality. We did a narrative review of the literature in an attempt to identify the magnitude of the problem and to evaluate the evidence in support of management options.The current review of the literature has brought to light some interesting facts. Despite limited data there seems to be an in increase in the incidence of these fractures. Although we could not demonstrate any clear distinction between geriatric and osteoporotic ankle fractures from the available literature; it is clear that all geriatric fractures are not necessarily osteoporotic and neither is the reverse true. The evidence to associate osteoporotic ankle fractures with poor outcomes is weak, and factors other than osteoporosis may have a stronger influence. From this analysis, we could not establish a higher incidence of implant failure for this specific fracture group, although many modifications in technique have been proposed due to the fear of fixation failure. Hook plating and Tibia-pro fibula fixation have weak evidence in support, but posterior fibular plating is preferred due to soft tissue protection. There is weak evidence in support of Locking plates for these fractures, as publications focused on this are limited; nevertheless some advantages have been documented. Augmentation by calcium based bone graft substitutes has been reported to improve pull out strengths of screws, but again the evidence of its role in Osteoportic fractures is limited. Fibular nailing has been proposed with specific advantages in osteoporotic fibular fractures, but the concept is new and it is indicated only in a select a subgroup of cases. Some evidence exists for the use of trans-articular nails in geriatric subgroups with limited pre-injury mobility, but the technique has to be used with caution to prevent other complications.InferenceMore data needs to be accumulated before clear guidelines for management of osteoporotic ankle factures are defined; however the current literature supports the need for modifications in standard ankle facture fixation methods to improve outcomes.     

椎弓根螺钉三椎体内固定对脊椎爆裂性骨折患者椎体与神经功能状态的影响观察

目的:探讨椎弓根螺钉三椎体内固定对脊椎爆裂性骨折患者椎体与神经功能状态的影响.方法:选取2013年7月至2015年1月于本院进行治疗的58例脊椎爆裂性骨折患者为研究对象,对其进行回顾性研究,将其根据手术方式不同分为对照组(短节段椎弓根内固定组)29例和观察组(椎弓根螺钉三椎体内固定组)29例,然后将两组患者手术前与手术后不同时间的伤椎恢复指标与血清神经功能相关指标进行比较.结果:观察组手术后不同时间的伤椎恢复指标中的后凸Cobb角、椎体平移率、椎体高度丢失率与血清神经功能相关指标中的BDNF、NSE、NGF及S100B均显著好于同期的对照组指标,并且明显好于其治疗前,均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:椎弓根螺钉三椎体内固定可更为有效地恢复脊椎爆裂性骨折患者椎体参数,并且更有助于神经功能状态的恢复.     

外固定架应用于创伤骨科治疗的临床疗效刍议

目的：对创伤骨科治疗中外固定架的应用效果进行研究。方法整群选取该医院2013年1月-2014年8月收治的创伤骨科患者164例，采用常规内固定的82例患者纳入对照组，利用外固定架治疗的82例划入观察组，对比分析两组患者切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、治疗有效率以及并发症发生率。结果比较两组患者切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间，观察组都少于对照组。对比两组患者治疗有效率情况，观察组优、良、可、差分别为29例、36例、12例、5例，治疗有效为79.27%(65/82)，对照组优、良、可、差分别为19例、29例、22例、12例，治疗有效率为58.54%(48/82)。对比两组患者并发症发生率，观察组4.8%(4/82)低于对照组10.98%(9/82)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论外固定架的引入，对提升创伤骨科治疗效果可起到突出作用，治疗有效率明显提高，可在临床实践中进行推广。